istoria- qimiis Sesaxeb

sityva “qimiis ” warmoSoba dResac ar aris zustad dadgenili. erT-erTi versiiT sityva „qimia“ warmodgeba egviptis saxelwodebidan- “qemi” igive Savimiwa, sadac praqtikulma qimiam ganviTarebis umaRles safexurs miawia. sxva versiiT sityva “qimias” saerTo fesvi aqvs berZnul sityvasTan “qema” rac Camosxmas niSnavs.

sityva “alqimia” “qimiis” sinonimia, oRond arabuli TavsarTiT “al”, radgan qimia evropaSi swored arabebma gaavrceles.

saqarTveloSi arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT mopovebuli masala utyuarad adasturebs, rom Cvens winaprebs didi wvlili SeutaniaT praqtikuli da xelosnuri qimiis, gansakuTrebiT metalurgiis ganviTarebaSi.

saxelwodeba “qimias” vxvdebiT mefe vaxtang VI-is SromaSi- “wigni zeTebis Sezasebisa da qimiis qmnisa” (XVIII) s. vaxtang VI-is sasaxle, rogorc istoria irwmuneba, patara akademia iyo. varaudoben, rom sasaxleSi arsebobda qimiuri laboratoriac, sadac TviTon mefe vaxtang VI cdebs atrebda.

qimiis SedarebiT sruli ganmarteba pirvelad gvxvdeba daviT bagrationis wignSi, romelic man 1817-1818 wlebSi dawera s.nk-peterburgSi: ”qimia aris xelovneba , romelis ZaliT vpovebT yovlisa Tvisebas yovelTa sxeulisas.... da vscnobT nivTTa maT, romelTaganac Sedgmul aris sxeuli.”

I turi

1. daasaxeleT qimiuri elementi, romlis atombirTvSi mxolod 1 protonia.

2. romeli qimiuri elementebia gavrcelebuli benebaSi, dedamiwis qerqSi da cocxal organizmSi.

3. ra aris haeri? CamoTvaleT haeris Semadgeneli komponentebi.

4. ozons aramdgradobis gamo wylis dezinfeqciisTvis iyeneben. moifiqreT, romeli produqti warmoadgens madezinficirebel saSualebas.

5. qalaqis Tavze xSirad muqi feris gaumWvirvale nisli grovdeba, ivaraudeT ra qmnis am nisls?

6. saTburs minis kedlebi aqvs. mina mzis sinaTles atarebs da saTburidan siTbos ar uSvebs. haerSi romeli airis dagroveba iwvevs saTburis efeqts? ra asrulebs dedamiwaze minis funqcias?

7. moifiqreT romeli metalisagan mzaddeba vazis Sesawamli aparati, Tu is gankuTvnilia “bordos xsnarisTvis”.

8. ra ionebs Seicavs xisti wyali da ratom aris aucilebeli wylis darbileba.

9. mocemuli gvaqvs Saqris naJeri xsnari, moifiqreT xerxi, romliTc mis ujer xsnarad gardaqmnas SeZlebT.

10. daxurul qilebSi moTavsebulia: haeri, Jangbadi da naxSirorJangi. rogor daadgenT romel qilaSi romeli airia?

11. gamoTvaleT, ra masis wyali moxvdeba Tqvens organizmSi, Tu miirTmevT 300gr. sazamTros, romelic 95% wyals Seicavs.

12. saxaliso amocana:

zafxulis cxel dRes metalTa didma jgufma (Au, Ag, Mg, K, Na, Ca, Sr, Cu, Fe) zRvaSi banaoba gadawyvita. wyalSi SesvlisTanave ramdenime metali gauCinarda. dawereT romeli metali gauCinarda da ratom? pasuxi daasabuTeT reaqciaTa tolobiT.

II turi

situaciuri amocanebi:

1. kunZuli rodosi xmelTaSua zRvaSi mdebareobs Zv.w. III saukuneSi igi saSinel alyas gadaurCa. madlierebis niSnad xalxma qalaqSi mzis RmerTs, heliosis qandakeba augo. 32 metriani kolosi nawlebisgan aawyves. brinjaos mrgval nawilebs mTliand asxamdnen, didi datalebis dasamzadeblad ki rkinis CarCoze brinjaos furclebs akravdnen.

legendis Tanaxmad, ramodenime weliwadSi qandakebas bzari gauCnda, ris gamoc misma Semqmnelma Tavi moikla. bzaris gaCenidan 60 wlis Semdeg qandakeba muxlebSi gadatyda da daimsxvra , maSin amis mizezad miwisdvra daasaxeles.

axseniT, ratom daimsxvra kolosi? rom ar momxdariyo miwisZvra mainc daimsxvreoda Tu ara?

2. goeTes cnobili nawarmoebis personaJis faustis mama alqomikosi iyo. igi Savi samzareulos „grZneul “ quraze vecxliswylis oqsids marilmJavasTan manam acxelebda, sanam boTlSi yovlis ganmkurnavi saSualeba vecxliswylis qloridi ar aRmoCndeboda. am receptiT miRebuli balzamiT igi avadmyofebs mkurnalobda. pacientebi ki kvdebodnen da aravin kiTxulobda , vis Sveloda wamali.

Tqveni azriT romeli qimiur reqcias aratebda alqimikosi?

axseniT, romeli ionis arsebobiT iqmneboda gamowveuli balzamis samkurnalo da momwamlavi Tvisebebi.

III turi

I varianti

1. vis ekuTvnis elementTa perioduli sistema?

2. ras niSnavs siyva „atomi“?

3. fizikuri movlenaa Tu qimiuri- wylis aorTqleba?

4. romeli elementis laTinuri saxelwodebaa „kuprum“ ?

5. romeli metali dneba xelisgulze?

6. romeli rTuli nivT-ba Sedgeba wyalbadis atomisa da mJavuri naSTisgan?

7. ra hqia gogodirdmJavas marilebs?

8. sufris marilis wyalsxsnari eleqtrolitia Tu araeleqtroliti?

9. ra hqvia dadebiTad damuxtul eleqtrods?

10. ra hqvia qimiur reqcias , romlis drosac siTbo gamoiyofa?

II varianti

1.vin Seqmna atomis pirveli modeli?

2.risgan Sedgeba nivTiereba?

3.fizikuri movlenaa Tu qimiuri- yinulis dnoba?

4. romeli elementis laTinuri saxelwodebaa “ferum” ?

5.romeli metali SeiZleba gaiWras daniT?

6.romeli rTuli nivTiereba Sedgeba metalis atomisa da mJauri naSTisgan?

7. ra hqviaT azotmJavas marilebs?

8.Saqris wyalxsnari eleqtrolitia Tu araeleqtroliti?

9. ra qvia uaryofiTad damuxtul eleqtrods?

10.ra qvia qimiur reqcias , romlis drosac siTbo STainTqmeba?

gundi—“Jangbadi”

1.kutalia tato;

2. metreveli mari;

3.qvacabaia nino;

4.miqelaZe levani;

5.WaliZe ana;

6.axlouri daviTi;

7.baTilaSvili daTo;

8.asaTiani giorgi;

9.riJamaZe Jimi;

10.Sengelia zura.

Gundi-“azoti”

1.Sengelia gurami;

2.turabeliZe ana;

3.rTvelaZe mari;

4.dalaqiSvili Tamari;

5.sadaRASvili Tamari;

6.mangoSvili cotne;

7.Carauli mariami;

8.iakobiZe mixeili

9.abuTiZe xatia;

10.oragveliZe Teona.